Fig. 1
From: Case–control study on the interplay between immunoparalysis and delirium after cardiac surgery
Cytokine producing capacity in delirious and non-delirious patients, after whole blood ex vivo-stimulation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. A Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). B Interleukin-6 (IL-6). C IL-8. D IL-10. Data are expressed as median concentration per 106 monocytes [interquartile range]. The blue dotted rectangles illustrate the duration of surgery. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001, NS: no significant change from baseline, according to linear mixed model analysis (LMM) with time of sampling and delirium occurrence as fixed variables, and subject ID as random effect. The p-values above each graph indicate no significant differences in the trajectories of ex vivo cytokine production between patients with and without postoperative delirium based on the LMM analysis, described above