Table 3 Type and frequency of complications
From: Uniportal VATS pleural biopsy in the diagnosis of exudative pleural effusion: awake or intubated?
| Complications | VATS (n = 113) | AVATS (n = 41) |
|---|---|---|
| Death within 30 days | 0 | 0 |
| Loculated effusion | 5 | 2 |
| Prolonged air leakage and expansion defect | 3 | 2 |
| Self-limiting subcutaneous emphysema | 2 | 0 |
| Empyema and broncho-pleural fistula | 2 | 0 |
| Cardiac arrhythmia | 2 | 0 |
| Long pleural drainage | 1 | 0 |